Logic and Truth: Some Logics without Theorems

Two types of logical consequence are compared: one, with respect to matrix and designated elements and the other with respect to ordering in a suitable algebraic structure. Particular emphasis is laid on algebraic structures in which there is no top-element relative to the ordering. The significance of this special condition is discussed. Sequent calculi for a number of such structures are developed. As a consequence it is re-established that the notion of truth as such, not to speak of tautologies, is inessential in order to define validity of an argument

Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in supersonic jet and large amplitude motion

Combining supersonic jet techniques with tunable lasers, scientists have been able to obtain precise information on the static and dynamic properties of the molecules in their ground and excited states. The principle of the jet spectroscopies along with application of laser-induced fluorescence technique to large amplitude-vibrational motion has been discussed

Comparative analyses of genotype dependent expressed sequence tags and stress-responsive transcriptome of chickpea wilt illustrate predicted and unexpected genes and novel regulators of plant immunity

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The ultimate phenome of any organism is modulated by regulated transcription of many genes. Characterization of genetic makeup is thus crucial for understanding the molecular basis of phenotypic diversity, evolution and response to intra- and extra-cellular stimuli. Chickpea is the world's third most important food legume grown in over 40 countries representing all the continents. Despite its importance in plant evolution, role in human nutrition and stress adaptation, very little ESTs and differential transcriptome data is available, let alone genotype-specific gene signatures. Present study focuses on <it>Fusarium </it>wilt responsive gene expression in chickpea.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We report 6272 gene sequences of immune-response pathway that would provide genotype-dependent spatial information on the presence and relative abundance of each gene. The sequence assembly led to the identification of a <it>Ca</it>Unigene set of 2013 transcripts comprising of 973 contigs and 1040 singletons, two-third of which represent new chickpea genes hitherto undiscovered. We identified 209 gene families and 262 genotype-specific SNPs. Further, several novel transcription regulators were identified indicating their possible role in immune response. The transcriptomic analysis revealed 649 non-cannonical genes besides many unexpected candidates with known biochemical functions, which have never been associated with pathostress-responsive transcriptome.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study establishes a comprehensive catalogue of the immune-responsive root transcriptome with insight into their identity and function. The development, detailed analysis of <it>Ca</it>EST datasets and global gene expression by microarray provide new insight into the commonality and diversity of organ-specific immune-responsive transcript signatures and their regulated expression shaping the species specificity at genotype level. This is the first report on differential transcriptome of an unsequenced genome during vascular wilt.</p

Vibrio fluvialis in Patients with Diarrhea, Kolkata, India

We identified 131 strains of Vibrio fluvialis among 400 nonagglutinating Vibrio spp. isolated from patients with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. For 43 patients, V. fluvialis was the sole pathogen identified. Most strains harbored genes encoding hemolysin and metalloprotease; this finding may contribute to understanding of the pathogenicity of V. fluvialis

"The fruits of independence": Satyajit Ray, Indian nationhood and the spectre of empire

Challenging the longstanding consensus that Satyajit Ray's work is largely free of ideological concerns and notable only for its humanistic richness, this article shows with reference to representations of British colonialism and Indian nationhood that Ray's films and stories are marked deeply and consistently by a distinctively Bengali variety of liberalism. Drawn from an ongoing biographical project, it commences with an overview of the nationalist milieu in which Ray grew up and emphasizes the preoccupation with colonialism and nationalism that marked his earliest unfilmed scripts. It then shows with case studies of Kanchanjangha (1962), Charulata (1964), First Class Kamra (First-Class Compartment, 1981), Pratidwandi (The Adversary, 1970), Shatranj ke Khilari (The Chess Players, 1977), Agantuk (The Stranger, 1991) and Robertsoner Ruby (Robertson's Ruby, 1992) how Ray's mature work continued to combine a strongly anti-colonial viewpoint with a shifting perspective on Indian nationhood and an unequivocal commitment to cultural cosmopolitanism. Analysing how Ray articulated his ideological positions through the quintessentially liberal device of complexly staged debates that were apparently free, but in fact closed by the scenarist/director on ideologically specific notes, this article concludes that Ray's reputation as an all-forgiving, ‘everybody-has-his-reasons’ humanist is based on simplistic or even tendentious readings of his work

Fluorescence excitation spectrum of jet-cooled 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene

The fluorescence excitation spectrum of jet-cooled 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene is reported. The spectrum shows a prominent progression of a low-frequency vibration which is assigned to inter-ring torsional motion. From the Franck-Condon factor calculation, the excited-state geometry is determined to be planar - in contrast to a skew configuration in the ground state. The excited-state surface of the system is compared to that of biphenyl

Fluorescence excitation spectrum of 1,8-disubstituted naphthalenes in supersonic jet

Jet-cooled fluorescence excitation spectra as well as low-resolution condensed phase polarised excitation spectra of acenaphthene and 1,8-dimethylnaphthalene are reported. Compared to naphthalene both compounds exhibit enhancement of relative intensities of the origin and the totally symmetric vibronic bands. These features are discussed on the basis of existing vibronic coupling theories. 1,8-dimethylnapthalene shows a clear and easily correspondanble spectrum to the parent compound naphthalene while the vibronic features of acenaphthene are more complex